DC brushless(BLDC) motors have revolutionized the way we power electric vehicles, drones, and other electronic devices. The lack of brushes and commutators make these motors more reliable, efficient, and easy to control. Unlike brushed motors, where speed control is achieved by varying the applied voltage, brushless motors use different methods to regulate speed and torque. Here are some of the most common DC brushless(BLDC) motor speed control methods:
Method 1: Voltage Control
To control the speed of a brushless motor by varying voltage, a compatible motor driver is usually needed. By adjusting the output voltage of the driver, the speed of the motor can be changed. If there is no driver available, one can directly control the motor by measuring its power and current ratings.
Method 2: PWM Control
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a popular method for DC brushless motor speed control. Unlike AC motors that use frequency control, PWM uses pulse-width change to alter motor speed. The control circuit adjusts the voltage pulse duration and duty cycle to achieve the desired motor speed. Two types of PWM control can be used:
1. The first method uses a PWM signal to control the duration of the transistor conduction, where the longer the conduction time, the higher the motor speed.
2. The second method uses PWM to control the transistor's conduction duration by changing the voltage level of the control signal.
Method 3: Resistor Control
Resistor control is another method of controlling the speed of a brushless motor, but it is not recommended for high-powered motors. This method involves using a potentiometer to adjust the resistance in series with the motor. By altering the resistance, the speed of the motor can be changed. However, this method lowers the motor's efficiency, and efficiency is of utmost importance when it comes to high-powered motors.
DC brushless((BLDC) motors are highly efficient, reliable, and offer superior performance in a wide range of applications. Proper speed control methods are essential in maximizing the benefits of these motors. While voltage control and PWM control are commonly used, it's recommended to use a compatible motor driver for better control and increased efficiency. Resistor control is not recommended for high-powered motors due to its inefficiency. Understanding the different speed control methods for DC brushless(BLDC) motors is vital for efficient operation of electrical equipment.
